How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge

How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge How may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge? The development of this answer can come with different answers having different examples to support your evaluation. However, the first thing that this paper requires is to have a concise definition of disagreement. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I define disagreement as a state of opposition or contrast between two persons, opinions, or interests. It created a contradicting opinion to what another person says while reinforcing personal beliefs and opinions regarding an issue (Sethi and Muhamet 57-95). However, many regards of disagreement focuses on it to be negative in relation to the experiences of our world because it may contribute to wars or political issues. The global population as a should perhaps think disagreement as a positive aspect because from the start of the human population, the world has incredibly modernized thanks to disagreement between people or ideas, which brought more concise thoughts that then led to more global knowledge. It means that people need to have some degree of disagreement for them to develop a capacity of reaching consensus on issues that are capable of contributing to positive worth. In fact, we can arrive to the conclusion that nothing would have improved in our world if humans agreed on everything since the start. Disagreement occurs when presenting two or more options. Having different ideas will then lead to choosing one of them, and to choose one of them we need to have a sort of conclusion that may be achieved by having a more detailed reasoning and also having a reasoning to explain why the other options are wrong. Disagreements only mean that there is another approach to an issue other than what the other party considers and that leaves room for negotiation to reach an agreement. However, it is never possible t o reach agreements on all occasions of disagreement but people can always make compromise if peace should prevail. I planned to have examples on women that would still be discriminated by men, Africans that would still be in chains, and the discovery of the continents like America or Australia. For the scientific part, instead, I wanted to talk in economy about new classical view and Keynesian view, and for sciences, I do not have any ideas the only thing that I wanted to take, as an example is something in physics.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rights of women have been an issue for a very long time. It has taken feminists a lot of activism to have the plight of women heard so that male chauvinists relieve them from that form of oppression. Of course, this is amidst of men who maintain a superior position above women and never have the heart of considering women as p eople of any worth. The disagreement about the rights of men and women is a very simple one but it keeps producing multiple instances of disagreements as evidenced in many cultures. For example, one universal positioning of women has been in the kitchen. Many cultures though that women were not qualified for any intellectual prowess and the best place for them was to be in the kitchen, to take care of babies and to keep the home (Wojcieszak 206-225). The most ridiculous part of this was the probability of the woman’s duty as being taking care of men. However, through feminist activism, such beliefs are no longer demeaning the capabilities of women, as it emerges that women have equal intellectual capabilities just as their male counterparts. That is positive disagreement and without disagreements, women would still belong to the kitchens instead of the taking up big intellectual and professional challenges like is the case currently. Other cases of disagreements are in the s lavery of Africans there were controversial decisions to make regarding slavery and freedom. Those against slavery had to disagree with those who encouraged slavery. The disagreement was on treatment of Africans fairly while those who enslaved them felt that they did not deserve such treatment. In fact, being that Africans provided cheap labor, letting go of them was not easy not mentioning treating them in equal scales as whites (Fernandez 439-452). The discovery of the continental plates faced several disagreements as well. There were disagreements regarding the development of continents. The controversies over the formations and tectonic movements are discussed in many geological studies. Such disagreements occur because of the continued movement and arrangement of the plates leading to formations of new subduction zones. Accretionary events also produced new features such as highlands and blocked seas making it necessary for the getting explanation of such developments. Evident ly, it takes a lot of study, data collection and presentation of evidence for the resolution of such disagreements regarding tectonic history. The technology field is the most challenging and it couples a number of disagreements, which have led to positive and negative impacts. It is worth recognizing the development of software as an area that produces disagreements on grounds of the ethical back up they may present as well as their practice. One possible aspect to consider is the development of viruses, which remains an aspect of controversy since its onset (Yang and Wang 608-612).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also economics disagreements such as on the classical views of the Keynesian and the new classical views. These are examples in which economic problems viewed in either of the approaches seems to be the best form at for resolution. However, in the dropping of the old classical notions, the acceptance of the Keynesian concept brought an optimistic look into the practice and approach of economic implementation of strategic practices (Sethi and Muhamet 57-95). It was the onset of issues of transparency in sectors such as banks for the promotion of stability in markets and improvement in practice other than the former privacy, which promoted a series of lack of credibility in the economical fields. It is through fundamental disagreements on issues that economists find better ways of tackling issues of inflation in the global arena. Any feasibility constraints by the former regime must be legally tackled to create macroeconomic performance changes appropriate for the development of effective monetary policies for the reconciliation of any discords. Each side of a disagreement holds an argument they believe to be true and the other side always disagrees. Therefore, depending on a disagreement, s omething positive or negative can be the result (Woerkom and Karin 139-149). Disagreements led to discovering of continents like America or Australia and to many other discoveries holding the truths about the history of the world. There are also scientific discoveries, which resulted from initial disagreements on concepts and there it always the need for understanding the development of knowledge from disagreements. It is through disagreements that people take deeper insights onto issues. These insights form the basis of arguing points disagreed upon and developing of agreements. These maybe positive or negative, but have produced some reckonable historical, scientific and economic positives (Yang and Wang 608-612). Fernandez, A. (2012). Future(s) of American Legal History. University Of Toronto Law Journal, 62(3), 439-452. Academic Search Complete. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sethi, Rajiv, and Muhamet Yildiz. Public Disagreement. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4.3 (2012): 57-95. EconLit with Full Text. Web. Woerkom, Marianne, and Karin Sanders. The Romance Of Learning From Disagreement. The Effect Of Cohesiveness And Disagreement On Knowledge Sharing Behavior And Individual Performance Within Teams. Journal Of Business Psychology 25.1 (2010): 139-149. Business Source Complete. Web. Wojcieszak, Magdalena. Pulling Toward Or Pulling Away: Deliberation, Disagreement, And Opinion Extremity In Political Participation. Social Science Quarterly 92.1 (2011): 206-225. EconLit with Full Text. Web. Yang, Wang, and Wang Luqian. Software Industry Cluster Be Disagreement On Theory And Practice. Engineering 2.10 (2010): 608-612. Academic Search Complete. Web.

How to Use the Casual French Term Sympa

How to Use the Casual French Term Sympa Most people in France use the casual adjective sympa  (pronounced sam  pa) to mean nice when theyre describing a person or thing that they like. Its a very versatile word and can be used to express general affection for places, objects, and ideas or concepts in addition to people you know. French speakers also use sympa to mean pleasant, friendly, and good. Expressions and Usage There are any number of ways you can use sympa in everyday conversation. For instance: super sympa very niceavoir lair sympa to look kindElle est trà ¨s sympa. Shes a really nice person.Cest un type sympa. Hes a nice guy.   Cest un type  vraiment sympa. Hes a really nice guy.Il nest vraiment pas sympa.  Ã‚  Hes not very nice at all.type sympa, mec  sympa,  chic type, mec bien (very colloquial) nice guyMerci, cest sympa. Thanks, I appreciate it.   Ãƒâ€¡a va  Ãƒ ªtre  sympa. Thatll be nice.   Ton copain est super sympa ! Your boyfriend is really nice!Elle nest vraiment pas sympa. Shes not very nice at all.sympa, amusant,  drà ´le,  marant funAllez, sois sympa. Go on, be a sport.un coin sympa pour pique-niquer a nice spot for a picnicCeci est une touche trà ¨s  sympa.   This is a really  nice  touch.Ce nest pas trà ¨s  sympa  mais, aprà ¨s tout, on devait trouver une solution. Thats not very nice, but, after all, we had to find a solution.C’à ©tait aussi trà ¨s  sympa  de rencontrer plein d’autres co llà ¨gues de diffà ©rents pays. It was also very nice to see a lot of my colleagues from different countries. Peter,  sympa  mais avec grande gueule... Peter is a nice guy but he has a big mouth.Gà ©niale ! C’à ©tait  sympa  et enrichissant la fois. It was great! Fun and enriching at the same time.

Art Movements in the Twentieth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Movements in the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Frida Kahlo used his paintings to portray the pain that human beings had to go through psychologically. Her life was not a ride in the park as she had various issues to struggle with, like illness and personal relationships; something that pushed her to this artwork, which was therefore a public alarm that people should embrace better relationships with their friends or lovers and be careful not to utter or do things that would interfere with one's psychological wellbeing. It is through her work named, ‘The Two Fridas', in which her personality as well as political intensions were implied; meaning that this was a representation of the personal struggles that revolved around her life as well as those of Mexico, that she was made famous. Frida was known to be a very devoted citizen to her country and is said to have joined the communist party and even took part in public political protests. Her dressing advocated nationalism, and this was also evident in struggling to have Mexico achieve a national identity. Through their artworks, Picasso and Frida Kahlo were able to air their various feelings of what was happening in the society, on behalf of the rest of the people who had no voice as far as such matters are concerned. These were mainly political and social matters that drove them into venturing in the field of artwork, and takes commitment, concern and love for one's people and country to be in such a field. Through their artwork, political leaders became more responsible.

Stevie Wonder's Misrepresented People Research Paper

Stevie Wonder's Misrepresented People - Research Paper Example Most of the African Americans were subject to â€Å"forced labor† (Boundless Learning 178; Butler 126). They were literally deprived of having the opportunity to gain access to proper education but also to get some decent paying jobs, attend churches, enter a hotel, have the right to vote, or to even participate in politics (Tischauser 86). Due to hatred, most of the African Americans were also not allowed to reside in the West (Tischauser 86). Back then, only 8% of the African Americans were treated as free (Boundless Learning 178). Instead of receiving formal education in schools, most of them were taught by the Muslim people. During the 17th century, the Europeans did not only enslave the African Americans but also â€Å"committed genocide against indigenous Americans† (Zach 169). â€Å"In the so-called â€Å"Land of God† My kind were treated hard. From back then until now I see, and you agree— We have been a misrepresented people† (2) â€Å"Fro m back then until now Just see my family tree; We have been a misrepresented people. We have been a misrepresented people.† (3) The second and third stanza expresses the idea that God created all human kind equally; yet they were treated badly by other race because of their â€Å"skin color† (Tischauser 86). ... (4) The fourth stanza talks about the development on how the African Americans were made free from forced slavery. In relation to Berlin’s Freedom Project, the African Americans became active in fighting for their â€Å"liberalization† and â€Å"emancipation† (Barney 56). After the African American soldiers went through a series of civil war, the African Americans had finally won their freedom from slavery (Barney 56). In fact, the civil war back then became a significant part of the American Revolution which has lead to the development of the concept of democracy and equality (Alexander and Rucker xxxiv). It was in the 20th century when the African Americans had finally had a complete freedom from their past. It was also in the 20th century when the African Americans were free to speak out their thoughts and ideas. â€Å"But while I prayed to God My moms and pops got whored. From back then until now You’ll see our history; We have been a misrepresented p eople†. (5) â€Å"From back then until now Just see my family tree; We have been a misrepresented people Yes, we have been a misrepresented people†. (6) â€Å"Though we march across time, A sea of victories, We have been a misrepresented people†. (9) The fifth, sixth, and ninth stanza strongly suggest that no matter what the African Americans do, there are still some people around the world who looks down on them. Over the past few decades, the African Americans have fought for their freedom and equal rights as human beings. Yet, despite winning a lot of victories over their freedom, some of them are still experiencing inequality and racial discrimination. All these are very much evident with the kind of job and educational opportunity that majority of the

Thanks to My Hardworking Father Essay Example for Free

Thanks to My Hardworking Father Essay Jose Quiles Prof. J. Robinson Eng 100-F80 August 06, 2009 Thanks to My Hardworking Father It is very fortunate for a kid to have his father around. In the last thirty years, having both parents in the household was rare. Most of my friends I grew up with only had their mother around. To all the mothers that were strong enough to raise a boy to be a man, I commend you. However, I was very fortunate to have both parents in my household. I would like to thank my father for showing me what a hardworking man truly is, for teaching me how to be responsible, and teaching me why it’s better to work hard for my money than take the easy route like selling drugs. First of all, I thank my father for showing me what a hardworking man truly is. He always had a job, sometimes two, but they never took any quality time away from spending with me. My father always made me remember that any man can help make a baby, but a real man helps raise the baby. My father was always there to help raise me. I remember when I told him that he was going to be a grandfather, he reminded me that anyone could make a baby, raising one was a different story. When my mother got a raise at her job and had to work more hours, my father took a different job so he could spend more time at home with me. Most men would rather work and have the mother at home to raise the kids. My father was different; he wanted everyone to be happy. My mother was happy working at her job. I was happy to be around my father more, and he was happy that he could raise me to be a responsible man. Next, I thank my father for teaching me how to be a responsible hardworking man. My father always taught me that a man is a person that takes care of his responsibilities. He always showed me that having fun with my friends was pleasant and okay as long as I had taken care of my homework and chores. Once I got to that age where I could clean up behind myself, he made sure I did just that. My father also made sure to teach me that being responsible comes with benefits. For instance, if my chores were done on time without my parents telling me to do them, they always had a surprise for me. It was never anything outrageous but it was definitely a good motivator. My father never tried to spoil me, but there was always a lesson to be learned in everything he did for me. If he gave me something for doing what I was supposed to do, he would tell me that God’s reward for me being responsible is even greater. My father continually stressed to me that when you work hard for the money, there is always a greater reward at the end. Finally, I thank my father for teaching me that a real man works hard for his money. My father always said if a person takes the easy route to get money, that person won’t appreciate anything. I didn’t understand what my father meant by that until I got older. Seeing people sell drugs to get money, I noticed that those people didn’t care how the money was spent. I would see those people buying clothes, which were ridiculously expensive; like five or six hundred dollar shirts. These guys had no clue about how to work hard for their money, so they didn’t care how fast it was spent. Then I saw a hard working man who cherished every dime he worked for. In the end, what my father was trying to teach me was that there are benefits for those that work hard, and none for those that don’t. In conclusion, I thank my father for being there to teach me how to be a hardworking man, the importance of being responsible, and how nothing comes easily. He taught me that when a person works hard for a living, they reap the benefits of that hard work. My father is my super hero; I wish every child could have been as fortunate as I was to have their father around.

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

The most severe of all sentences: that of death. Also known as the death penalty, capital punishment this is the most severe form of corporal punishment as it is requires law enforcement officers to kill the offender. But, Capital Punishment is a very strong issue in today’s society. In my eyes punishment should be on a case-to-case basis. In the Capital Punishment debate there are 3 major issues, Deterrence, Arbitrariness, and Retribution. Deterrence is â€Å"the inhibition of criminal behavior by fear especially of punishment†. This in easier terms just means that once someone commits a crime, if they are harshly punished for it, other people should then be afraid to commit a crime. Which is related to the idea that it is believed that fear of death deters people from committing crime. Studies of the deterrent effect of the death penalty have been conducted for several years, with varying results. Most of these studies have failed to produce evidence that the death penalty deterred murders more effectively then the threat of imprisonment. The reason for this is that few people are executed and so the death penalty is not a satisfactory deterrent. In conclusion if harsher punishment was carried out, there would be a lower crime rate. The second issue is arbitrariness or Determined by or arising from impulse rather than judgment. Fairness requires that people who break the law be punished the same but we treat it on a case-to-case punishment. Wrongful conviction, if acting on...

Emily Bronte and Wuthering Heights – the authors personal experiences in the play

Critiques say that Emily Bronte overshadowed her sister, although when compared to her more outgoing sisters, Emily was a seemingly trapped young woman. She expressed her wildest dreams through her writing. Emily, born on July 30th, 1818 in Thorton, Yorkshire, had four sisters and one brother. (Encyclopedia Americana PG 596. ) The female authors of the family included Charlotte, Anne, and Emily. Charlotte's most famous novel The Professor, along with Jane Eyre were highly praised. Anne wrote Agnes Gray. The Bronte family lived in Haworth. Mrs. Bronte died during Emily's third year. She first attended Cowan Bridge School, where she received a fairly good education, although her time there broke of early, she returned home due to her sister's death. After returning home focused more on her writing. She focused on her poetry. The imaginary village of Gondal influenced her poems. Her sister Anne co wrote some of these poems with her. She later attended a school by the name of Roe Head, but became deeply home sick and returned home. (Stapleton, Michael PG 99. Her final attempt to go to school was at Law Hill, where her and Charlotte taught. Later their brother Branwell tried influencing them to begin publishing novels because it promised a lot of money. The three sisters formed a publishing company of their own. (Encyclopedia Americana PG 597. ) Then Emily began her work on the famous well-known novel of Wuthering Heights. At first, her novel received little praise compared to her sister's books. But its acknowledgment came later. Soon Emily no longer focused on her family, writing, or school. She withdrew herself from the world around her. Her brother Branwell died on October 1st 1848, after drunken rages, that same year Emily became diagnosed with inflammation of the lungs. She died that same year on December 19th. (Www. lang. nagoya-u. ac. jp. ) Although Emily is gone, her novel Wuthering Heights will always be a legend, with its twisted passion, and compelling opposites of Emily's own life. The story begins in 1801, with a man named Lockwood who comes to rent a room at Thrushcross Grange. Lockwood then meets the master of the Grange and of Wuthering Heights. On his journey to the heights he sees the haunting ghost of Catherine, Heathcliff's long lost love. While lying in bed, he hears branches tapping the window, to put them to a halt he reaches to grab them, but to his surprise he grabs the hand of a person instead! â€Å"†¦ Instead of which my fingers closed on the fingers of a little, ice cold hand! † (Emily Bronte PG 30. ) After this astonishment and returning to Thrushcross Grange, Lockwood asks the housekeeper, Nelly to tell him the tale of Heathcliff. The story begins when Mr. Earnshaw, Catherine and Hindley's father returns home with an orphan. The boys name is Heathcliff. Hindley hates him, but Catherine comes to love him. With the death of both Mr. nd Mrs. Earnshaw, Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights. On one evening Heathcliff and Catherine go to Thrushcross Grange to pick on Edgar and Isabella, the rich children that live there. Catherine is forced to stay there after a dog bites her. After a month or so she returns and has lost her love for Heathcliff. Hindley has a son named Hareton, who he calls upon Nelly to take care of since his wife, Frances, died giving the birth. Heathcliff over hears Catherine telling Nelly about her engagement to Edgar, and runs away. He returns some years later as a young man. He plans to seek revenge on Hindley and Edgar. He soon inherits Wuthering Heights after Hindley dies, and marries Isabella to insure his ownership of Thrushcross Grange. Catherine becomes unhappy with Edgar and her love for Heathcliff returns with his arrival, although her pride will not allow her to follow her heat. She dies giving birth to her daughter Cathy. The story with Cathy begins when Edgar takes Linton, Heathcliff and Isabella's son, into their home. Heathcliff soon claims him and forces a marriage between Cathy and Linton. Edgar and Linton soon die, one right after the other, and then Heathcliff takes control of Thrushcross Grange. Which is then rented to Lockwood. Shortly after Lockwood returns to London. On returning to Wuthering Heights he sees that Heathcliff has become obsessed with the ghost of Catherine and soon dies. Cathy and Hareton, Hindley's son, are in love and plan a wedding. The story ends with Lockwood at Heathcliff and Catherine's graves. Emily's life and experiences had much to do with the writing of Wuthering Heights. Emily used her own life to fuel the writing of Wuthering Heights. Her family, her experiences, her religion, and her bottled up, neglected personality all contributed to her writing of Wuthering Heights. First of all, Emily's religion played a huge part in the story of Wuthering Heights. Emily did not limit her religion to one particular form, but when asked how she worshiped, she replied, â€Å"That is between me and god. † (Critical Essays on Emily Bronte PG 8. ) Emily beheld three main beliefs. One; that Hell exists only on earth, and no souls suffer torments after death, two; A soul that has suffered sufficiently on earth attains its heaven, Three; A soul that has not suffered is in limbo for a time, but is redeemed by others' sufferings if not by its own, after enduring the poena damni, deprivation of the desired heaven. Critical Essays on Emily Bronte PG 9. ) These â€Å"rules† are often reflected in Wuthering Heights. With Catherine, she does not go to either Heaven nor Hell, but remains on earth by the wish of Heathcliff, and states herself in the novel she deserves no Heaven. The only time she achieves heaven is when Heathcliff dies and they are once again united, even if it may not be in actual heaven. Emily also refers to Heathcliff as the devil. (Critical Essays on Emily Bronte pg13. ) When Mr. Earnshaw returns home from a trip, he brings with him a boy, â€Å"†¦ you must e'en take it as a gift from God, though it's as dark almost as if it came from the devil. (Pg 40 of Wuthering Heights) Referring to him, as a devil, but yet a gift from God is actually quite complex. It utters Heathcliff's two personalities, as God, his undying love for Catherine and his ability to control people. With his ability to manipulate a situation, he also portrays devil like qualities. Also, in the book, there is a part where Cathy and Linton are comparing their perfect ideas of a hot summer day in July. Linton's idea was a more peaceful one, while Catherine only wanted to dance and sparkle. † I said his heaven would only be half alive, and he said mine would be drunk. (Pg 237 of Wuthering Heights) Emily immediately relates the differences in their ideas of summer evenings to Heaven. Which implies that Cathy and Linton are not meant for each other. Like every one of us, family holds very important quality. Emily's family played an important role in Wuthering Heights. Influences for character mainly included her family. Emily was brought up in a large family, which was not uncommon for that day and age. As in the story, all the children were close in age. But, in Wuthering Heights, there were only two or three children in each family. Maybe this distinguishes an idea that Emily wished she had so she put it into her novel. Emily's brother Branwell fell victim to drugs, alcohol, and sex. This notes a direct portrayal to Catherine's brother Hindley. Hindley has more evil to him than Branwell, but takes on drinking and gambling. He soon blows all of his money and dies when he has no place in the world. Exactly like Branwell. Patrick Branwell, Emily's father, and an Irish man, took care of his family and loved his children. He also died early on in Emily's life, as did Mr. Earnshaw. Mr. Earnshaw devoted himself to his children. I am going to Liverpool today, what shall I bring you? You may choose what you like† (Wuthering Heights pg 40. ) With the death of Mr. Earnshaw turmoil boils among the family; it brings Hindley's hatred toward Heathcliff to the surface, similar to the Mrs. Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights. At the age of two, Emily's mom died. Mrs. Earnshaw is also not noted in the book for more than one or two pages before her death. Emily gave both the Earnshaw's and the Linton's lives with out parents. Probably because she would not of known how to write parents into there lives not knowing hers very well at all. Other factors that have affected Wuthering Heights are her family history, the novel Bridegroom and Barna, and her experiences at Law Hill School. One even her father was telling his children about their ancestors. One of the stories must have connected with Emily because she used it as an outline for her novel. The story goes that his uncle Welsh abused Patrick's father Hugh Branty, who happened to be adopted. Welsh, a representative of Heathcliff, was found on a boat and adopted by Hugh's Grandpa. Welsh later took over the household, and married the daughter of the house. Pyckett, Lyn PG 3-9. ) The Bridegroom and Barna is a story of Emily's time about two star-crossed lovers from rivaled families. Who are only united in death. Just like the Earnshaw's and the Linton's, their children fell in love and only found peace after death. While Emily attended Law Hill School, the owner of the school had two sons, one adopted and one by birth. The son by birth constantly argued and was jealous of the adopted son. This relates directly to Hindley and Heathcliff, two sons arguing for the love of their own father. (Pyckett, Lyn pg10-15. ) The last found influences towards Wuthering Heights are the traits of Emily herself. She was the only child out of six to be given a middle name. It seems as if her parents knew she would be different. She was a very quiet person who kept to her self. And when her own sister came upon her poems she was furious. (Pyckett, Lyn PG 8. ) During her life she experienced a lot of death. Death is also a main factor dealt with in Wuthering Heights. The amount of characters was cut in half by the end of the book. It also reflects the time period where people all died much earlier than they do today. Wuthering Heights was written towards the end of Emily's life. Which may be the reason the story has no theme of hope. Emily knew she was going to die, and did not want a doctor to be called in her last hours. (Critical Essays on Emily Bronte PG 51. ) She was also in a state of delusion. Probably living out the lives of her characters in her dreams. Wuthering Heights only has two main settings, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. This portrays an example of how Emily felt trapped in her own home. She wrote to venture out. She had no love of her life yet wrote one the most passionate stories ever. In conclusion Emily's experiences, her feelings of being alone, the characteristics of her family members, and her relationship with God, all affected the outcome of Wuthering Heights. Using her religion in her novel allows you to connect with her. It could not have been written the same by any other person; because only she beheld these imaginative believes. The story is extremely personal, using references to her family member, not caring if it affected them, which may exemplify why it was written in the last stage of her life. Instead of writing about a tremendous love she had experienced, this way she has no boundaries, she may write whatever her mind will let her. Being an outsider, she enabled herself to express how she really felt, how she wished she could be. All in all, Emily Bronte and Wuthering Heights will always be remembered for their originality, and their unique qualities, not for their popular, common traits. Emily's legend lives on just like Catherine's. Lingering on Earth even after death.

Compare and contrast Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Essay

Introduction The current essay focuses on two different therapeutic techniques, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. The initial component of the essay outlines the therapeutic orientations of both approaches; then, the different approaches are related to a case study of a young lady called Linda who is seeking counseling due to feelings of hopelessness. The essay is then finished with some of the author’s personal opinions on the two therapeutic approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy While Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been in development since the 1980’s, it has only recently risen to prominence and is sometimes described as a ‘new wave’ therapeutic technique. ACT is a modern behaviour therapy that uses acceptance and mindfulness interventions alongside commitment and behaviour change strategies to enhance psychological flexibility (Sonja, 2011). ACT differs from many modern therapies, in particular its approach to dealing with distressing emotions, thoughts and behaviours. Unlike many modern psychotherapies, ACT does not look to reduce the severity or frequency of unwanted thoughts and emotions; however, it instead focuses on helping people to live more rewarding lives even in the presence of undesirable thoughts, emotions and sensations. ACT is underpinned by a program of research on the nature of human language and cognitions know as Rational Frame Theory (RFT). RFT describes how normal human language processes dramatically change the human experience by resulting in the ability to readily and frequently evaluate virtually all of its experiences negatively (Flaxman and Blackledge, 2010). This verbal capacity allows humans to compare their ‘ideal’ to their ‘flaws’. Any discrepancies can be interpreted as unworthiness, and this can be a cause of psychological distress. RFT has led to the development of an empirically based model of human functioning that comprises six interrelated therapeutic processes. These are: acceptance, defusion, contact with the present moment, self as context, values, and committed action. While detailed descriptions  of these processes are beyond the scope of the current essay, a few elements can be explored. Cognitive fusion is a core process, which can lead to psychological distress. Cognitive fusion refers to when words themselves take on the properties of the things to which they refer (Flaxman and Blackledge, 2010). For example, if someone has gone through a violent attack, that individual may have thoughts about the attack, which can bring up in the present, all the thoughts, emotions and memories associated with that event, even if it was many years ago. In this example the individual may start to think that all people are dangerous, and therefore not go out. Thus the process of ‘fusion’, by which verbal processes come to excessively or inappropriately influence behavior, which may lead one to behave in ways that are guided by inflexible verbal networks. ACT would look at assisting the individual to not be governed rigidly by the thoughts in their head, working instead to find ways to more effectively interact with the directly experienced world, rather than the verbal ly constructed one in their mind (Sonja, 2011). Acceptance and commitment While the word acceptance may have associations for some such as â€Å"grin and bear it† or ‘soldiering on’, the word is used differently in ACT. In ACT the word acceptance refers to the willingness to experience distressing emotions and experiences that are encountered in the process of behaving in a way which is consistent with one’s values (Flaxman and Blackledge, 2010). Commitment refers to a public commitment to a specific value or value-consistent behavior, where the individual acts in accordance with their values. For example, a person whose value is to be ‘a caring partner’ may commit to taking their partner out for a meal each week. Solution-focused brief therapy Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) was developed by Steve De Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in 1986. SFBT believes that change can come from two primary  sources, firstly by getting clients to discuss their preferred future, for example what their lives might look like should therapy be successful and, secondly, by detailing their skills and resources that clients have at their disposal (Macdonald, 2011). SFBT holds that language and words are very important, and that helping clients talk about their lives in more useful language can lead to positive change. One of the major differences between SFBT and other psychotherapies is that while SFBT acknowledged that clients tend to come to therapy to talk about their problems, the SFBT will not encourage them to talk about their problems, but rather to talk about solutions (Rafter, Evans and Iveson, 2012). One of the central assumptions of SFBT is that the client will choose the goals for therapy and that the client themselves have resources which they will use in making changes (Macdonald, 2011). The therapeutic conversation aims at restoring hope and self-esteem, while reducing anxiety to a point where people become able to think more widely and creatively about solutions. SFBT holds that high anxiety can restrict cognition and attention to the surrounding environment and that, by reducing anxiety, it would allow for wider thinking about possible approaches to problems, as well as mobilizing their existing strengths and resources to address their desired goals (Rafter et al, 2012). Therapeutic relationship and goals The therapist adopts a non-expert or ‘not-knowing’ stance, in which the individual selects the goals and the means to get to the goals. Unrealistic goals may be negotiated with the therapist. Unlike other therapies no homework is given and no advice is given as to what should be done next. As Insoo Kim Berg said: ‘leave no footprints in the clients life’. The word ‘brief’ in SFBT means that therapy should not last ‘one more session than is necessary’. Research shows that the average client utilizes 3 to 6 and a half sessions (Macdonald, 2011). The therapist seeks to maintain respectful curiosity about the client’s situation. The therapist assumes that change is possible or even inevitable,  given the nature of the human existence, this philosophical stand point has its basis in Buddhist teachings, that change is a continual process and stability is only an illusion (Richard, 2011). Assumptions of SFBT De Shazer’s 3 rules which underpin SFBT 1 If it ain’t broke don’t fix it 2 Once you know what works do more of it 3 If it doesn’t work, don’t do it again, do something different (Rafter et al, 2012). All clients are motivated towards something. Clients do not lack motivation and it is the therapist’s job to uncover what they are motivated towards. Attempting to understand the cause of the problem is not helpful and, in some cases, can be harmful as clients get caught up in describing their situation in negative language. However fixed a problem pattern may be, the client will be engaging in some of the solution. Linda’s presenting problem Linda has come to counseling, as she appears unsure about the direction her life is heading. There appears to be a gap between what Linda wanted to be and what she perceives herself to be now. She has described issues with her partner, including arguments over marriage. Linda also describes some negative thoughts about herself such as feeling ‘hopeless’ and ‘not good enough’. These thoughts and feeling appears to be very distressing to Linda. Many of these thoughts appear to be related to her new job where is often feels inadequate. Linda has also stated that she has found social interaction less rewarding recently and describes it as ‘pointless’. Linda and ACT One of the first steps for Linda would be discussing with the ACT therapist  her chosen life values, that is the things that are most important in Linda’s life. For example, Linda might decide that being very successful in her work is an important value for her. Once the goal is established the therapist and Linda would look to commit to a pattern of behavior that is in line with the goal of ‘being successful at work’. Often avoidance and cognitive fusion issues can act as a barrier for clients in achieving their goals. Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusions and Linda Within ACT, the case formulation is that affective disorders are the result of unsuccessful attempts to escape from challenging private events that the individual is unwilling to experience (Zettle, 2004). This is also known as experiential avoidance, which can be defined as the process by which individuals engage in strategies designed to alter the frequency or experience of private events, such as thoughts and feelings, memories or bodily sensations (Sonja, 2011). For example, Linda describes herself as ‘conservative’ and not much of a ‘risk taker’; up to this point in her life Linda has taken jobs that are well within her comfort zone. As such, Linda may have avoided challenging work environments and avoided the pressure and criticism that comes along with these positions. The ACT therapist would focus on a course of work with Linda encouraging her to experience the full spectrum of thoughts, feelings and emotions so she does not feel the need to avoid or escape (Sonja, 2011). In this case asking Linda to experience the thought/feeling that ‘she is sometimes not good enough’. By facing this thought Linda may become more comfortable with it, and be able to function even in the presence of these distressing thoughts. As experiential avoidance is seen as the underlying cause to psychological distress it stands to reason that the solution would lie in engaging clients in the situations they find difficult. If we accept that life will inevitably have psychologically distressful events and that often these events cannot be avoided, then therapy should help clients accept the distress that arises during life. At the core of RFT’s account of language and cognitions is the assumption that the kind of abstract, evaluative words  we struggle with that claim to capture reality, in fact cannot. Thus, the acceptance part of ACT is not an acceptance of how an individually literally perceives it, but rather the acceptance of his experience as it is, and not how his mind says it is. In this instance ACT would look to reduce the hold of language on the situation. Linda may make the statement ‘I’m hopeless’, ACT would look to reframe this to ‘I’m having thoughts that I’m hopeless’ rather than ‘I’m hopeless’. Reframing the statement in this way would move Linda away from defining herself as being ‘hopeless’ to defining herself as a person who sometimes feels hopeless; this would hopefully lessen the psychological distress and help Linda be more able to move towards her chosen goals. Linda and SFBT SFBT holds that there are two powerful tools to assisting recovery. The first, that positive talk about an individual’s preferred future will result in positive change; and secondly, identifying and highlighting the resources an individual already has at their disposal will better allow the individuals to use those resources. The SFBT therapist may ask Linda ‘What are your best hopes for therapy?’ thus encouraging problem free talk which is used to enhance the therapeutic alliance (Rafter et al, 2012). Problem free talk can often reduce anxiety and guilt if the therapist enquires about their success and interest as well as the problem. For example Linda has stated that there is a gap between how she is and how she wants to be, the SFBT therapist may ask ‘Can you tell me about a time when your actual self and ideal self were closer together?’ Perhaps one of the most famous elements of SFBT is the ‘miracle question’; as such it is worth looking at the miracle question in relation to Linda. The miracle question is designed to bring a sense of optimism and play, allowing creative thinking to emerge and confirming the goals already identified at the outset (Richard, 2011). The miracle question is designed to encourage the client to talk about the potential positive results of successful treatment. The miracle question is as follows: ‘I’m going to ask you a kind of strange question now. Suppose [pause] you go to bed and to sleep tonight as usual [pause] and while you are asleep a miracle happens [pause] and the problem that bought you here today [look round all present] is solved [pause]. But you are asleep and don’t know that it has been solved [pause]. What will be the first small sign that this miracle has happened and that the problem is solved?’ When asked the miracle question Linda would be prompted to describe feelings, thoughts or emotions which she wants to have in the future. She may answer ‘Well I guess I might feel more confident in my abilities, I may be more comfortable with who I am and I wouldn’t feel so anxious’. The SFBT therapist would then seek to expand on this answer by asking ‘what else?’ while always focusing on the positive elements of the answers. In the above example we see that Linda says ‘I wouldn’t feel so anxious’ the SFBT therapist may respond ‘Well you say you wouldn’t feel anxious, so what would you feel?’ to which Linda would hopefully respond with something positive ‘I’d feel calm and satisfied’. ACT vs. SFBT The power of language Both ACT and SFBT hold language as a powerful influence on human distress. ACT argues that as human language has become more complex it has also presented humans with new challenges. Specifically how we use language to relate our own self to other people/stimuli. People learn arbitrary ways of evaluating themselves and their experiences in culturally agreed upon ways, for example ‘having no partner means that you are undesirable, being inadequate is bad’ and people hold these statements as rules or absolute truths (Sonja, 2011). Take, for example, the statement ‘being inadequate is bad’ this could lead an individual who has been inadequate to conclude that they themselves are bad, the individual may arrive at this conclusion without acknowledging the subjective and incomplete nature of the statement ‘being inadequate is bad’. Humans, according to ACT, come to place too much  value in the accuracy of language. Indeed language holds so much powe r that what is verbally believed is consumed as solid fact (Sonja, 2011). SFBT focuses on a different effect of language on the human condition. While ACT states that it’s how we relate language to ambiguous stimuli which is the cause of psychological distress, SFBT focus on the use of ‘problem free talk’ to improve an individuals psychological distress. SFBT holds that talking about solutions rather than the problem will in itself allow for positive change in an individuals life. The idea being that time is spent talking about individual’s strengths, rather than their problems, will reduce stress. When stress is reduced SFBT holds that clients are more able to access solutions for their problems, as when clients are anxious they have restricted cognitions. The therapeutic relationship Studies have indicated that the therapeutic alliance has a significant impact on the outcome of treatment (Lambert and Barley, 2002). ACT and SFBT share some similar ideas around what the therapeutic relationship should look like. Both approaches believe that the therapist should take a ‘not-knowing’ position which puts the therapist ‘in the same boat’ as the client. In ACT the therapist acknowledges that they themselves are human and struggle as well and thus they should be able to apply ACT principals to their own experiences in order to respond consistently and coherently with the model and to form an authentic relationship. If the therapist does not apply the principal to their life in and out of the session they may come across as disingenuous (Sonja, 2011). While ACT requires the therapist to buy into the principles they are preaching, SFBT requires the therapist to assume that change is possible and even inevitable, given the nature of human existence. The therapist needs to hold genuine optimism about the possibility of recovery. An SFBT Therapist also uses language matching or language tracking as a means to building a solid therapeutic relationship. Language matching refers to when the therapist uses the client’s word for events and situations. If possible the  therapist should use words or phrases the client uses in every statement. It is argued that renaming something amounts to contradicting the clients, which may not be helpful in building relationships. Personal preference Both ACT and SFBT have strong and affective therapeutic intervention styles. In my opinion, it is ACT’s unique approach to psychological distress that stands out as the most powerful. The idea that part of being human involves times of psychological distress resonates strongly with my own set of ideas. Indeed trying to restrict unpleasant psychological experiences seems in some ways to be unnatural, and against what it is to be human. Helping people to live and function in the presence of distressing emotions seems a more worthwhile pursuit than attempting to eliminate or restrict unpleasant experiences. In modern society there is an obsession with the idea that people should be happy all the time and this creates a situation whereby people who do not feel happy feel bad about not being happy and thus compound their misery. The central idea of SFBT, that the therapeutic session should be centered on solutions rather than the problems is a clever tweak on the traditional approach to therapy. In my opinion, it makes sense to spend more time talking about what resources an individual might have and engaging in positive speak rather than talking at length about what is going wrong. Psychodynamic therapists have long said if you name an emotion in a session, then soon that emotion will appear, often accompanied by memories and experiences connected to it, therefore it stands to reason that if the problem is discussed at length this will be accompanied by the negative thoughts and emotions experienced with it, equally if the solution is discussed the thoughts and emotions may be more positive and foster hope. I feel that this technique could be easily amalgamated into other therapeutic frameworks. It would also be personally more enjoyable to the therapist to be discussing positive solutions, rather than spen ding all the time listening to problems. Conclusion Both ACT and SFBT offer a unique take of traditional psychotherapies. ACT helps individuals in achieving their chosen life goals even in the face of psychological distress and difficulties, while SFBT approaches psychological distress in a unique way by focusing less on the distress itself but rather the solutions and resources the individual has available to themselves. For Linda, ACT would entail some exposure of her fears of criticism, in order for her to achieve her goal of professional success, ACT would help her deal with the inevitable professional criticism which occurs in high pressure jobs. While SFBT would lessen Linda’s anxieties with solution focused talk, which in turn would mean that Linda could more affectively assess her personal resources and apply them to achieving her goals. References: Batten, Sonja V. (2011). Essentials of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com Corsini, Raymon., Wedding, Danny. (2014). Current Psychotherapies. United States of America: Brooks/Cole. Flaxman, Paul E.; Blackledge, J.T.; Bond, Frank W. (2010). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy : Distinctive Features. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com Macdonald, Alasdair (2011). Solution-Focused Therapy : Theory, Research & Practice. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com McKay, Matthew; Lev, Avigail; Skeen, Michelle (2012). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Interpersonal Problems : Using Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Schema Awareness to Change Interpersonal Behaviors. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com Nelson-Jones, Richard. (2011). Counselling & Therapy. London: SAGE publications. Ratner, Harvey; George, Evan; Iveson, Chris (2012). Solution Focused Brief Therapy : 100 Key Points and Techniques. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com

John Boynton Priestley †An Inspector Calls

John Boynton Priestley – An Inspector Calls Free Online Research Papers John Boynton Priestley was born in Yorkshire in 1894. He knew early on that he wanted to become a writer, but decided against going to university as he thought he would get a better feel for the world around him away from academia. Instead, he became a junior clerk with a local wool firm at the age of 16. When the First World War broke out, Priestley joined the infantry and only just escaped death on a number of occasions. After the war, he gained a degree from Cambridge University, then moved to London to work as a freelance writer. He wrote successful articles and essays, then published the first of many novels, The Good Companions, in 1929. He wrote his first play in 1932 and went on to write 50 more. Much of his writing was ground-breaking and controversial. He included new ideas about possible parallel universes and strong political messages. During the Second World War he broadcast a massively popular weekly radio programme which was attacked by the Conservatives as being too left-wing. The programme was eventually cancelled by the BBC for being too critical of the Government. He continued to write into the 1970s, and died in 1984.During the 1930s Priestley became very concerned about the consequences of social inequality in Britain, and in 1942 Priestley and others set up a new political party, the Common Wealth Party, which argued for public ownership of land, greater democracy, and a new morality in politics. The party merged with the Labour Party in 1945, but Priestley was influential in developing the idea of the Welfare State which began to be put into place at the end of the war. He believed that further world wars could only be avoided through cooperation and mutual respect between countries, and so became active in the early movement for a United Nations. And as the nuclear arms race between West and East began in the 1950s, he helped to found CND, hoping that Britain would set an example to the world by a moral act of nuclear disarmament Priestley deliberately set his play in 1912 because the date represented an era when all was very different from the time he was writing. In 1912, rigid class and gender boundaries seemed to ensure that nothing would change. Yet by 1945, most of those class and gender divisions had been breached. Priestley wanted to make the most of these changes. Through this play, he encourages people to seize the opportunity the end of the war had given them to build. Research Papers on John Boynton Priestley - An Inspector CallsAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XBringing Democracy to AfricaCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Get aware of various scholarships for Industrial Engineering students

Get aware of various scholarships for Industrial Engineering students Engineering Scholarships for Everyone Industrial Engineering is a challenging, complicated and practical field of studying. If you decide to choose Industrial Engineering, then you should understand that you are to specialize in designing, analyzing and managing production systems, the procedure of creation, including budgeting, human recourses and technology. If you are in this sphere then you should also learn deeply math and extensive science, as they are the basis for successful engineering ideas realization. The main aim of studying is not only to provide students with necessary knowledge but also to prepare them to be involved in the manufacturing and industry on all positions. Nowadays there exists a great demand for skilled technicians and directors who will manage the industrial engineering process in the proper way. Fortunately, there are lots of scholarships which are offered by colleges, professional companies which are encouraging and supporting young specialists in the sphere of engineering. College scholarships in the USA Almost each school which has the department of industrial engineering will offer its students various scholarships. Here are some of them. University of Washington College of Engineering The Ron Crockett Scholarship Fund is a great chance for those who want to connect their life with industrial engineering in the Washington University. The awards provides the most outstanding and talented students with tuition discounts. If you want to be among them, you should be really wise and ambitious and apply till April 1. Texas Tech University College of Engineering Students of industrial engineering are generously awarded with scholarships. Everything depends on your own features, achievements and personal criteria which are checked during the admission process. So you are welcome to apply as soon as possible to check which funding package you may receive. Virginia Tech College of Engineering This college is a home for dozens of scholarships for the most talented and skilled students. The majority of awards go to freshman, still transfer students are also given some scholarships. The process of getting an award is quite easy: you send your application, then it`s transferred to the Department of Industrial Engineering, they check your studying success and their need. So if you struggle to reach something bigger then you are welcome. Scholarships from private organizations in the US There is also a variety of independent organizations which provide students with such scholarships. Check out some of them! Institute of Industrial Engineers This scholarship is available for student members only. It`s created for those who are to continue their work in the field of engineering and reach success. Only those students are encouraged with this scholarship, the main features of which are the following: Undergraduate students with GPA score of at least 3.4 may apply for this scholarship; You can receive up to $4,000 per year, still if you are ambitious and show leader skills then you get preference; A.O. Putnam Memorial Scholarship is offered to industrial engineering students who study anywhere in the USA. Students are chosen on the basis of academic achievements and financial needs, the award is $600; Marcus Scholarship offers $1000 for those who are talented and shows the interest in the future development of engineering. ASCO Numatics This scholarship is sponsored by the Emerson Company, which is in the leads for the century. Students who are interested and successful in the research work and future career in the industrial engineering get $5000 award and there are also a few grants for $1000. Such skills as leadership and knowledge, future plans, past contributions into the development of engineering are taken into account while choosing the winners. If you are doing really good, then you may get an invitation of an internship with the company. Set your plans and try to implement them into life. Before choosing a university check the scholarships they offer, as they can be both your financial aid and a good chance to develop your skills. These programs will make you more self-confident, you will probably work harder. Everything is possible till you want it.

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Philosophy - Assignment Example St. Thomas Aquinas stages several forms cosmological arguments which point out the existence of God (60). The first proof of God’s existence according to St. Aquinas is explained by motion. Insofar as it is, it notable that some things are constantly in motion in this world. It is also obvious that for any object to be in motion there must be a force that propels such movements. From this point of view, an object cannot be moved unless there is another object that has the actuality to do so is involved. In this sense, St. Aquinas argues that the movement is all about bringing something from it potentiality to its actuality, and the transformation cannot take place in the absence of something which is actuality in itself (Solomon, Higgins and Clancy 60). There is no way something can exist in both forms simultaneously. For instance, an object cannot be moved and it is the mover itself. In other words, something cannot move unless there is another different thing to enhance the navigation. In case an object is moved, then it is only understandable that it has been moved by yet another force and that also by another and so on. At a point, the chain of movement will get to a point that the original mover, which is not moved by any other mover, is arrived at. This original mover is understood to be God. The cause argument which is pegged from the point of view that nature has efficient cause. The argument is that there is an order for cause and there is no way that anything can be responsible for its own cause. For this to happen, the requirement is that the thing ought to have existed before itself and this is, obviously not possible. The possibility of infinity is eliminated in this case because in the order of efficient cause follow in order where the first cause is the intermediate cause and the intermediate cause is the cause of the ultimate cause irrespective of the fact that the intermediate cause

One Of The Hong Kong Listed Property Companies Invites Your Research Essay

One Of The Hong Kong Listed Property Companies Invites Your Research Institute To Formulate A Research Proposal To Them - Essay Example Hong Kong well illustrates patterns of a distinct Asian business model that has resulted in the growth and influence of large gargantuan business enterprises. The Hong Kong housing market is dominated by a hand full of these large companies that include Cheung Kong, Henderson Land, and SHK PPT among others. The growth of Cheung Kong, for example, underscores specific ways of pursuing business and industrial growth based on certain Asian principles and management styles. These styles project paternalistic family control and trust and the respectful acceptance of authority. Pyramid structures of benefit permeate the leadership hierarchy of these Asian firms along with family cross-shareholdings of subsidiary companies. Hong Kong’s rapid economic growth is described by Xiabin et al (2004) as a period of economic restructuring that has seen the country evolve from a manufacturing center to a business, commerce and finance center, with most of its working force moving into the serv ice industries. Influenced by processes of economic liberalisation, globalization, and government downsizing, the restructuring has resulted in a net rise of the middle-income population of Hong Kong, but since 1971 there has been a profound drop in the sharing of income by the bottom households while the income of the top 30% has shown a continual increase in income share (pp. 447-451). The authors note "there has been a steady exacerbation of income inequality in Hong Kong over the past 35 years" (p. 452) and, "There is no evidence of wealth trickling down from the top to the bottom" (p. 457). Nor have adequate services been expanded for the bottom poor. Xiabin et al (2004) emphasize the unsympathetic government policy of minimum intervention as a major factor in the ongoing policy of inequality. Resources provided for social welfare are sparse in comparison to resources for the more favored private sector. The authors propose the government avoids policies ameliorating income ine quality in order to maintain "business-friendly" policies toward private interests and avoid a "dependency culture" that would discourage unemployed people from working and affect economic growth in negative ways. Despite a sterling economic growth that has made it one of world's largest centers of concentrated among the world's wealthiest economies, Hong Kong demonstrates the highest degree of economic disparity among its seven million citizens. The United Nations report Hong Kong as having the highest Gini coefficient of 43.4, a measure of economic disparity between the rich in the poor, among all Asian cities (Oxfram). As of September, 2010, 10.2% of working families were living in poverty in Hong Kong (Oxfram). The Hong Kong Council of Social Service reported recently, October, 2010, that 1.26 million of the 7 million citizens were living in poverty, nearly one/fifth of the population (Wong, 2010). The contrast stands stark and grim where three million of seven million citizens live in public housing. Under current public policy, the gap between rich and poor in Hong Kong is steadily increasing. In 1997, The Canadian Magazine Maclean's highlighted the nearly 100,000 Hong Kong displaced workers living in the small spaces or "cages" where larger spaces are divided into small cubicles with wire (Wood, 1997). Web blogs and YouTube videos today provide stark